Standard output from the Snakemake workflow¶
The following NetCDF files, CSVs, and charts are generated automatically after the whole Snakemake workflow is successfully executed.
NetCDF files (*.nc files)¶
NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a data format for efficiently storing multi-dimensional arrays. By default, the PyPSA-SPICE model creates:
- Pre-solve networks in the
results/pre-solvedirectory in theproject_namefolder. - Pre-solve-brownfield networks in the
results/pre-solve-brownfielddirectory in theproject_namefolder. - Post networks in the
results/post-solvedirectory in theproject_namefolder.
These *.nc files allow users to examine the model’s structure, inputs, and results before and after optimisation.
Excel-ready CSVs¶
The following CSV files are created automatically. Each file represents a key indicator, broken down by sector and modelling year or hour, depending on granularity.
| File Name | Sector | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
ene_avg_fuel_costs_fuel_yearly |
Energy | currency/MWhth | Average fuel costs by modelling year |
ene_costs_opex_capex_yearly |
Energy | million currency | Total CAPEX and OPEX in energy sectors by modelling year |
ene_dmd_by_carrier_yearly |
Energy | TWh | Energy demand by carrier (e.g., Electricity) by modelling year |
ene_emi_by_carrier_by_sector_yearly |
Energy | MtCO2 | Total emissions by carrier and sector by modelling year |
ene_fom_by_type_yearly |
Energy | million currency | Total fixed operation and maintenance cost by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
ene_gen_by_carrier_yearly |
Energy | TWh | Total generation by carrier (e.g., Electricity) by modelling year |
ene_opex_by_type_yearly |
Energy | million currency | OPEX in energy sectors by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
ind_cap_by_carrier_by_region_yearly |
Industry | GW | Installed capacity in the industry sector by carrier and region/node, and by modelling year |
ind_cap_by_type_by_carrier_yearly |
Industry | GW | Installed capacity in the industry sector by technology and carrier, and by modelling year |
ind_emi_by_carrier_yearly |
Industry | MtCO2 | Emissions in the industry sector by carrier by modelling year |
ind_gen_by_carrier_by_region_yearly |
Industry | TWh | Generation in the industry sector by carrier and region/node, and by modelling year |
ind_gen_by_type_by_carrier_by_heatgroup_yearly |
Industry | TWh | Generation in the industry sector by technology and carrier, heating group, and by modelling year |
ind_gen_by_type_hourly |
Industry | MW | Generation in the industry sector by technology by modelling year |
ind_hh_gen_by_type_hourly |
Industry | MW | Generation in the industry sector (high-heat) by technology by modelling year |
ind_lh_gen_by_type_hourly |
Industry | MW | Generation in the industry sector (low-heat) by technology by modelling year |
pow_bats_charging_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly battery charging profile by modelling year |
pow_bats_ep_ratio |
Power | - | Battery Energy-to-Power ratio |
pow_battery_flows_by_region_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly battery flows between different regions/nodes by modelling year |
pow_cap_by_region_yearly |
Power | GW | Installed capacity in the power sector by region/node by modelling year |
pow_cap_by_type_yearly |
Power | GW | Installed capacity in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_cap_by_type_by_region_yearly |
Power | GW | Installed capacity in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by region/node by modelling year |
pow_capex_by_type_yearly |
Power | million currency | CAPEX in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_elec_load_by_sector_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly electricity load by sector |
pow_emi_by_carrier_yearly |
Power | MtCO2 | Emissions in the power sector by carrier (e.g., Gas) by modelling year |
pow_flh_by_type_yearly |
Power | Hours | Full load hours by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_fom_by_type_yearly |
Power | million currency | Fixed operation and maintenance cost in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_gen_by_category_share_yearly |
Power | % | Fossil-Renewables share by modelling years |
pow_gen_by_type_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly generation in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) |
pow_gen_by_type_region_hourly |
Power | TWh | Hourly generation in the power sector by region/node by modelling year |
pow_gen_by_type_yearly |
Power | TWh | Generation in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_hdam_flows_by_region_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly hydro dam flow profile by modelling year |
pow_hphs_flows_by_region_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly hydro pumped storage profile by modelling year |
pow_inter_cf_by_region_yearly |
Power | - | Capacity factor of the interconnectors by region/node by modelling year |
pow_intercap_by_region_yearly |
Power | GW | Installed capacity of the interconnectors by region/node by modelling year |
pow_marginal_price_by_region_hourly |
Power | currency/MWh | Hourly marginal price by region/node by modelling year |
pow_nodal_flow_hourly |
Power | MW | Hourly exchange flow between different regions/nodes by modelling year |
pow_opex_by_type_yearly |
Power | million currency | OPEX in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_overnight_inv_by_type_yearly |
Power | million currency | Overnight investment cost in the power sector by technology (e.g., CCGT) by modelling year |
pow_reserve_by_type_hourly |
Power | TWh | Reserve by technology (e.g., onshore wind) by modelling year |
tran_capex_by_type_yearly |
Transport | million currency | CAPEX in the transport sector by technology by modelling year |
tran_charger_capacity_by_region_yearly |
Transport | GW | Capacity of the chargers in the transport sector by region by modelling year |
tran_charger_capacity_by_type_yearly |
Transport | GW | Capacity of the chargers in the transport sector by technology by modelling year |
tran_load_charging_all_hourly_by_region |
Transport | MW | Hourly charging/discharging/load status in the transport sector by region/node by modelling year |
tran_load_charging_all_hourly_by_type |
Transport | MW | Hourly charging/discharging/load status in the transport sector by technology by modelling year |
tran_load_charging_all_hourly |
Transport | MW | Hourly charging/discharging/load status in the transport sector by modelling year |
tran_storage_capacity_by_region_yearly |
Transport | GW | Capacity of the storage in the transport sector by region by modelling year |
tran_storage_capacity_by_type_yearly |
Transport | GW | Capacity of the storage in the transport sector by technology by modelling year |
Jupyter Notebook¶
We provide a post-analysis/post_analysis.ipynb for manual exploration of the pre-solve, pre-solve-brownfield, or post-solve network files.
Dynamic visualisation¶
To make it easier to explore and compare model outputs, we provide an open-source library PyPSA-SPICE-Vis, an interactive visualisation library that generates dynamic charts using the outputs listed above.